Un paso importante cuando comenzamos a estudiar inglés en casa es conseguir una lista de verbos en pasado en inglés, con la que podamos expandir nuestro vocabulario y sentar una base firme para nuestro estudio de los tiempos verbales.
Sin embargo, entendemos lo retador que puede ser aprenderlos todos; así que hemos preparado este listado con traducción, ejemplos -¡algunos verbos tienen sus trucos!- y expresiones populares, para que logres tu objetivo de aprender inglés fácil y rápido. Seguramente ya conoces algunos de estos verbos de tu estudio del presente simple; estos son los que verás en la primera columna de la tabla, a la izquierda (los llamamos verbos en forma base o base form).
Verbos de la A a la G
Comencemos con una primera tanda de verbos:
| Verbo base form | Traducción | Simple Past | Past Participle | Otros significados, notas |
| Awake | Despertar | Awoke | Awoken | |
| Be (am, are, is) | Ser | Was / were | Been | |
| Bear | Soportar, aguantar, dar a luz | Bore | Born | |
| Become | Convertirse | Became | Become | |
| Begin | Comenzar | Began | Begun | |
| Bend | Doblar | Bent | Bent | |
| Bet | Apostar | Bet | Bet | |
| Bind | Atar | Bound | Bound | |
| Bite | Morder | Bit | Bitten | |
| Bleed | Sangrar | bled | bled | |
| Blow* | Soplar | blew | blown | Estar muy impresionado: to be blown away |
| Break* | Romper | broke | broken | Terminar (una relación): to break up |
| Bring | Traer | brought | brought | |
| Broadcast | Transmitir | broadcast | broadcast | |
| Build | Construir | built | built | |
| Burn | Quemar | Burned / burnt | Burned / burnt | |
| Buy | Comprar | bought | bought | |
| Cast | Arrojar | cast | cast | |
| Catch | Atrapar | caught | caught | |
| Come | Venir | came | come | |
| Cost | Costar | cost | cost | |
| Cut | Cortar | cut | cut | |
| Choose | Elegir | chose | chosen | |
| Cling | Agarrarse, aferrarse a algo | clung | clung | Se suele usar con la preposición “to”. C ling + to |
| Deal | Tratar, lidiar con algo | Dealt | dealt | Se suele usar con la preposición “with”. Deal + with |
| Do / does | hacer | did | done | |
| Draw | Dibujaratraer | drew | drawn | |
| dream | soñar | Dreamt / dreamed | Dreamt / dreamed | |
| drink | beber | drank | drunk | |
| drive | Manejar | drove | driven | Expresa que uno se orienta o impulsa hacia algo. Ejemplo: “career-driven” movido por la parte profesional |
| eat | comer | ate | eaten | |
| fall | caer | fell | fallen | |
| feed | alimentar | fed | fed | |
| feel | sentir | felt | felt | |
| fight | Pelear, luchar | fought | fought | |
| find | encontrar | found | found | |
| fly | volar | flew | flown | |
| forbid | prohibir | forbade | forbidden | |
| forget | olvidar | forgot | forgotten | |
| forgive | perdonar | forgiven | forgiven | |
| freeze | congelar | froze | frozen | |
| get* | Obtener | got | Got / gotten | Algunos phrasal verbs con “Get”: -Get up: levantarse –Get out: salirse –Get real: sincerarse –Get in: entrar –Get used to: acostumbrarse |
| give | dar | gave | given | |
| Go / goes | ir | went | gone | |
| grow* | Crecer,cultivar | grew | grown | Cuando hablamos de madurar, decimos “grow up”, y un adulto es un “grown up”. |
| grind | moler | ground | ground |
Verbos de la H a la M
Seguimos con nuestro listado:
| Verbo en base form | Traducción | Simple Past | Past Participle | Otros significados, notas |
| Hang* | Colgar | Hung | hung | Hang out: pasar el rato, por lo general con otras personas |
| have | tener | had | had | |
| hear | oir | heard | heard | |
| Hide | esconder | hid | hidden | |
| hit | golpear | hit | hit | |
| Hold* | Sostener | held | held | To hold someone accountable: hacer a alguien rendir cuentas |
| hurt | herir | hurt | hurt | |
| Keep* | mantener | kept | kept | Puede traducirse como “sigue” cuando acompaña a otro verbo. Keep studying: sigue estudiando |
| know | saber | knew | known | |
| Lay | Echarse, acostarse, poner | laid | laid | |
| lead | Guiar, liderar | led | led | |
| lean | Inclinarse, apoyarse | leant | leant | |
| leap | Saltar, dar un salto | leapt | leapt | |
| learn | aprender | Learned / learnt | Learned / learnt | |
| leave | irse | left | left | |
| lend | prestar | lent | lent | |
| let | Permitir, dejar | let | let | |
| light | iluminar | lit | lit | |
| lose | perder | lost | lost | |
| make | Hacer, elaborar, preparar | made | made | “make” significa hacer al igual que “do”, pero tiene una connotación más de elaboración. Se usa más en la cocina, por ejemplo. |
| mean* | significar | meant | meant | Se refiere a lo que uno quiere decir. What do you mean by that?: ¿Qué quieres decir con eso? |
| meet* | Conocer, encontrarse | met | met | Se usa para hablar de conocer personas (no lugares, por ejemplo) |
| mistake | equivocarse | mistook | mistaken |
Verbos de la O a la S
Aquí tenemos una tercera tanda de verbos:
| Verbo en base form | Traducción | Simple Past | Past Participle | Otros significados, notas |
| Overcome | Superar, vencer | Overcame | Overcome | |
| Pay | Pagar | paid | paid | |
| Put | Poner | put | put | To put up with: aguantar, soportar |
| Read* | Leer | read | read | “Read” en pasado se pronuncia como el color “red”. |
| Ride | Montar | rode | ridden | |
| Ring* | Llamar | rang | rung | It rings a bell: suena conocido |
| Rise | Levantarse | rose | risen | |
| Run* | Correr | ran | run | To run out of something: quedarse sin algoWe ran out of ideas / nos quedamos sin ideas |
| Say | Decir | said | said | Se usa con la preposición “to”: I said to her it was OKYo le dije a ella que estaba bien |
| See | Ver | saw | seen | |
| Seek | Buscar | sought | sought | |
| Sell | Vender | sold | sold | |
| Send | Enviar | sent | sent | |
| Set | Configurar, poner, establecer | set | set | |
| shake | sacudir | shook | shaken | |
| shine | brillar | shone | shone | |
| show | mostrar | showed | shown | |
| shrink | encogerse | shrank | shrunk | |
| shut | cerrar | shut | shut | |
| sing | cantar | sang | sung | |
| sink | hundirse | sank | sunk | |
| sit | Sentarse | sat | sat | |
| sleep | dormir | slept | slept | |
| smell | oler | smelt | smelt | |
| speak | hablar | spoke | spoken | |
| spell | deletrear | spelt | spelt | |
| spend* | gastar | spent | spent | To spend time: pasar tiempo |
| spill | derramar | Spilt / spilled | Spilt / spilled | |
| spin | girar | Spun | Spun | |
| spoil | estropear | Spoiled / spoilt | Spoiled / spoilt | |
| spread | Diseminar, extender | spread | spread | |
| stand | Estar de pie, mantenerse | stood | stood | |
| steal | robar | stole | stolen | |
| stick* | Adherir, pegar | stuck | stuck | To stick to something: apegarse a algo (por lo general una decisión) |
| swear | jurar | swore | sworn | |
| sweat | sudar | sweat | sweat | |
| swim | nadar | swam | swum |
Verbos de la T a la Z
Y finalmente, la última tanda de verbos:
| Verbo en base form | Traducción | Simple Past | Past Participle | Otros significados, notas |
| Take | tomar | took | taken | Take off: despegue Take out: para llevar |
| Teach | enseñar | taught | taught | |
| Tear | Romper, rasgar | tore | torn | |
| Tell | decir | told | told | To tell lies: decir mentiras Tell + someone (sin preposición) |
| Think | pensar | thought | thought | |
| Throw | Arrojar, lanzar | threw | thrown | |
| trust | confiar | trusted | trusted | |
| understand | entender | understood | understood | |
| undergo | sufrir | underwent | undergone | |
| undertake | Emprender, asumir | undertook | undertaken | |
| wake | despertarse | woke | woken | |
| wear | Usar (prendas de vestir) | wore | worn | |
| wet | mojar | wet | wet | |
| win | ganar | won | won | |
| wind | enrollar | wound | wound | |
| withdraw | retirar | withdrew | withdrawn | |
| withhold | retener | withheld | withheld | |
| write | escribir | wrote | written |
Recuerda que hay muchos más verbos (¡son unos 200 en inglés!) y que quienes nos aventuramos con otro idioma siempre estamos atentos y aprendiendo nuevas palabras. Esperamos que esta lista te sea una herramienta útil y que te apoye a lograr tus objetivos con el inglés.